CompTIA

I think to improve my knowledge on the computer, taking a exam might be nice.
One choice suggestged by Karamoon was CompTIA.
To consider about taking the exam, firstly I need to know what the object of the exam is. What for the exam is addressed. Secondly I need to see the past exam.
These two things I have done.

The object of the exam: CompTIA A+ certification validates the latest skills needed by today's computer support professionals. It is an international, vendor-neutral certification recognized by major hardware and software vendors, distributors and resellers. CompTIA A+ confirms a technician's ability to perform tasks such as installation, configuration, diagnosing, preventive maintenance and basic networking.

Outline of the exam
CompTIA A+ Essentials (220‐601) and one of the following: 220‐602 or 220‐603 or 220‐604
Time Allocated: 90 minutes per exam.
Number of Questions are as Follows:
CompTIA A+ Essentials 100
220‐602 (IT Technician) 90
220‐603 (Remote Support Technician) 90
220‐604 (Depot Technician) 90
220‐605 [to be decided]
The each exam cost me 100 pounds. So in total I need 200 pounds.
I thinks it is quite costly. If I take some training course, each course for each exam cost me more than 100 pounds. So if I take course and take the exam, in total it will be 400 pounds.
At the moment, I am studying something book keeping and attending school.
I think it is too dangerous to do many things.
So I decided to study by myself bit by bit at the moment for my enjoyment. I purchased a Dummies book. It cost me 26 pounds.
CompTIA A+ Certification All-In-One Desk Reference for Dummies (For Dummies (Computer/Tech)) (Paperback)


http://certification.comptia.org/resources/find_materials.aspx
http://certification.comptia.org/resources/find_materials.aspx?id=771

Router and Hub

Sadly I do not even make a difference between routers and hubs. So I check the wikipedia.
In wikipedia, router is said that it is a computer which is specialized in routing and forwarding the network. Hub is the thing which performs as a one line.

Server project 2nd day

I installed Ubuntus my given computer this Saturday. Karamoon and I configured Ubuntus and connect that new server to my laptop with cross cable.
In configuration, not many things are required. We give the new server a IP address “192,168,0,1” and the my computer “192,168,0,2” in this local net work.
“192,168,X,X” is a private IP address for home use. The number “255” is the number we should only use to skip to. “255” is the number to be ignored.
Mainly this is the things I have learned that day.

Karamoon explained many things. I am not sure how much I retained the content. Here I would like to write what I have got.
IP address is the unique ID for each machine in the network. Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is an Internet Layer protocol for packet-switched internetworks. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) h, for general use o as designated IPv6 as the successor of IPv4, the first and still dominant version of the Internet Protocoln the Internet.
ASCII:
Port numbers is an application-specific or process-specific communications endpoint used by Transport Layer protocols, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) of the Internet Protocol Suite. Port can be readily explained with an analogy: think of IP addresses as the street address of an apartment building, and the port number as the number of a particular apartment within that building. If a letter (a data packet) is sent to the apartment building (IP) without an apartment number (port number) on it, then nobody knows who (which service) it is for. In order for the delivery to work, the sender needs to include an apartment number along with the address to ensure the letter gets to the right domicile. As an example, a server used for sending and receiving email may provide both an SMTP (for sending) and a POP3 (for receiving) service; these will be handled by different server processes, and the port number will be used to determine which data is associated with which process. By convention, the SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) server will listen on port 25, while POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3) will listen on port 110, although it is possible to use different ports.
TCP is Transmission Control Protocol. It is one of the core protocols
UDP is User Datagram Protocol. It is one of the core protocol if the internet protocol suite.
IP is Internet Protocol Suite is the set of communication protocols used for the internet and other similar networks. It is named from two of the most important
Proxy server: is a server which services the request of its client by forwarding requests to other servers. A client connects to the proxy server, requesting some services such as file, connection, webpage, or other sources. I think it sounds like a router.
Internet Protocol Suite: is the set of communication protocol used for the internet and other similar networks. It is named from two of the most important protocols in it: the transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), which were the first two networking protocols defined in this standard.

MS-DOS command (Microsoft Disk Operation System)
http://www5f.biglobe.ne.jp/~emo/msdos.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS

Ping: computer network tool used test if a particular host is reachable across an IP network; it is used to self test network interface card of the computer. Karamoon said it is like groping. (“Grope” is a new word for me. Groper is a kind of pervert we can find in a train.) Ping www.google.com
Ipconfig: ipconfig (Internet Protocol Configuration) in Microsoft Windows is a console application that displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and refreshes Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP and Domain Name System DNS settings.[

Love never fail

This is a famous sentence from the bible.
What is love in your definition?
My biology friend said that in science love is said not to exist.
I discuss with this with some American woman recently. (We are not lesbian thought.)
I said to her love is like petrol which all people need to live and we exchange and take and receive. Although it does not have really shape we really use this petrol like an real petrol. All people are seeking this petrol.
Before I simply thought “love” is the strong word for “like”. Often “love” is produced by the emotion of “like” or “interested”.
I now assumed that this Love energy can be produced in a different way as well.
I am not really clear about this.
Love is patient, Love is
So this description is not really describing. How people choose to write this way?

All the description here is adjective.
It is like when we describe the nose of the elephant, it is said,
It is long, it is strong,

Book Club

This month my book club’s book is “eat pray love”.
The main character is a woman in her mid thirty who has almost everything she is supposed to have. However she could not feel happy and need to find out.
People might think she is just a spoiled or too demanding. However I can understand.
What people want is different from what most people want.
It is important to get what people really want.
I have just started to read and I find out that I like her way of writing.
I am not a native English speaker and however still I find some writing in my preference and some are not.
Not only the story itself but the way of talking is sometime more precious to me. Nice way of writing makes me feel like I have a grate talking with my friend in a cozy café.

Computer/Terms

Terms
There are several terms I need to familiar with.
I will put there some. It might not organize some structured knowledge thought.
LAMP: Linux, Appache, MySQL, PHP. This is the most practical combination for use. Linux is the OS and Appache is the web server and MySQL is the database and PFP is programming.

PHP: PHP Hypertext programming. I know it sound strange. This king of words is called recursion. Something like two mirror are seeing each other and we can see the repeating reflecting imagines indefinitely.

UNIX: is the OS developed by “AT&T” which is an American Telecommunication Company. UNIX was expensive system only for a Rich Corporation. It is firstly developed around the end of the world war two. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix

BSD: Bakery software Distribution. I consider it is one type of open sources.

Computer/Server

Server

I decided to set up my own server.

My teacher is Karamoon.

He taught me about server the last weekend.

Firstly I needed to know what is server. I knew that there are “server” and “client”.

Server is the computer which is us the data and client is computer which just receives the data. Nowadays clients can be also are server. For example when we use P2P file share system, we download the file and at the same time we give the files. So we have vaguer category than before.

Here is the list of servers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)
Mail servers
File servers (NFS, FTP/SCP): it is a storage place of data and many workstations can share that data. File servers are often categorized by the method of the access.

File servers may also be categorized by the method of access: Internet file servers are frequently accessed by File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or by HTTP. Servers on a LAN are usually accessed by SMB/CIFS protocol (Windows and Unix-like) or NFS protocol (Unix-like systems).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_server
NFS: Network File System Protocol.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_File_System_(protocol)
FTP: network protocol used to transfer data from one computer to another through a network, such as the Internet.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTP
Web servers
Proxy servers.: This server transfers the request from the clients to the server which can answer to the requests.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server
print servers
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Print_server
Database servers
Database servers provides access to a shared database via a database device driver, are not regarded as file servers.

Among these servers, I am planning to have “File servers” and “Database server”.

Abstraction layer

My description might not be exact right however I believer what I need is to get used to the concept. Things do not need to exact.

I understand the abstraction layer as below.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction_layer

KDE
Shell
Kernel
Firmware Bios
Hardware HDD, RAM

KDE: Desk top manager. Except this desk top manager Gnome is also well known desk top manager.

Shell: a shell is a piece of software that provides an interface for users. Typically, the term refers to an operating system shell which provides access to the services of a kernel. There are two kinds of shells.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(computing)#Text_.28CLI.29_shells

GUI (graphical user interface)
One of the well known shells is “the X windowing system”. This software give us more friendly interface. It is not related to something Microsoft windows at all. It is a GUL got Linux, Windows.

Another famous GUI is ”windows explore”. It is not related to “Internet explore” at all.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Explorer

CLI(command line interface)
I often type bash command in the black console window. This sort tof unfriendly interface is supposed to be CLI.
We have many different commands type: CMD, BASH, CSH, KSH, BSH.
Among these command, bash is the most popular and I have used before.

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Computer/OSI model

OSI model

This is an imaginary layered communication of computer connection. Here we have seven layers. Computers are connected and communicate each other as we experienced in our life. When computer communicate they use protocols. They use different protocols depending on the occasions. All the protocols are allocated in one of the seven layers.

1. Physical layers: Drivers
2. Data link layers: Ethernet (very popular network system)
3. Network layers: IP
4. Transport layers: TCP, UDP
5. Session layers: POP, log in
6. Presentation layers: Encryption
7. Application layers: DNS, e-mail

(Layer name: protocol examples)

We can use these sentences to memorize all the layers: “Please Do Not Throw Sausages Pizza Away”, “All People Seems To Need Data Processing”.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model